联合国秘书长在联合国气候变化大会第二十八次缔约方大会闭幕式上的讲话（中英文）

我感谢阿拉伯联合酋长国政府的盛情款待，也感谢 COP28 主席苏丹·艾哈迈德·贾比尔博士及其团队的辛勤工作。

我还要感谢《联合国气候变化框架公约》执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔（Simon Stiell）及其同事们的大力支持。

我还要向所有推动取得最有力成果的人致敬，包括全世界的民间社会和年轻人。

COP28 是在应对气候危机的决定性时刻召开的——这一时刻要求在减少温室气体排放和气候正义方面具有最大的雄心壮志。

能源转型和化石燃料的未来问题是前沿和中心。

全球盘点明确重申了将全球气温上升限制在1.5度以内的必要性，这需要在这十年内大幅减少全球温室气体排放。

此外，该结果首次认识到需要摆脱化石燃料——在多年以来对这个问题的讨论受阻之后。

科学告诉我们，如果不按照这一限制的时间逐步淘汰所有化石燃料，就不可能将全球变暖限制在1.5度以内。这已经得到日益壮大和多样化的国家联盟的认可。

对于那些反对在 COP28 文本中明确提及逐步淘汰化石燃料的人，我想说的是，无论他们喜欢与否，逐步淘汰化石燃料都是不可避免的。让我们希望它不会来得太晚。

当然，对于处于不同发展水平的国家，时间表、路径和目标会有所不同。但所有努力都必须与到 2050 年实现全球净零排放并保持 1.5 摄氏度的目标保持一致。发展中国家必须在每一步都得到支持。

化石燃料时代必须结束，而且必须以正义和公平结束。

同时，COP28 同意到 2030 年将可再生能源容量增加两倍，能源效率翻一番。

在适应和融资方面也取得了进展。

COP28 为进展提供了一些其他基石——包括损失和损害基金的运作，尽管财政承诺非常有限。

目前，对绿色气候基金的承诺总额达到创纪录的128亿美元，用于气候最脆弱的社区。

新的适应行动框架为推动适应行动和实施提供了一套可衡量的新目标。

对于下一轮2025年国家气候行动计划（或国家自主贡献），所有政府现在都必须开始准备，有明确的指导。

我正在动员整个联合国系统协助这些努力。

在接下来的两年里，各国政府需要制定新的全经济国家气候行动计划。这些计划必须与1.5摄氏度的温度目标保持一致，并涵盖所有温室气体。

它们还必须以可信的气候政策和法规为基础，包括碳定价和终止化石燃料融资。这些计划的制定和实施都必须得到充分的资金和支持。

但是，要保持1.5摄氏度限制的希望，并为处于危机前线的人们提供气候正义，还需要做更多的工作。

许多脆弱国家正深陷债务泥潭，并面临被海平面上升淹没的风险。

现在是资金激增的时候了，包括适应、损失和损害以及改革国际金融结构的时候了。

我们需要增加资本和改革多边开发银行的商业模式，以大幅增加直接支持，并以合理的成本撬动更多的私人资金，为发展中国家的气候行动提供资金。

我正在以G20轮值主席国的身份与巴西政府合作，帮助推进这些关键改革。这也将是明年9月未来峰会的一大焦点。

世界承受不起拖延、优柔寡断或半途而废。

我仍然相信，尽管存在许多分歧，但世界能够团结起来，迎接气候危机的挑战。多边主义仍然是人类最大的希望。

必须围绕与气候危机规模相匹配的真正、实用和有意义的气候解决方案走到一起。

【以上中文为自动翻译，仅供参考，以下面英文原文为准】

13 December 2023

Secretary-General’s statement at the closing of the UN Climate Change Conference COP28

I thank the government of the United Arab Emirates for their hospitality – and COP28 President Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber and his team for their hard work.

I am also grateful to UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell and his colleagues for their tremendous support. 

I also salute all those who have pushed for the strongest possible result, including civil society and young people all over the world.

COP28 occurred at a decisive moment in the fight against the climate crisis – a moment that demands maximum ambition both in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and climate justice.

The issues of the energy transition and the future of fossil fuels were front and centre.

The Global Stocktake clearly reaffirmed the imperative of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees which requires drastic reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions in this decade.

In addition, for the first time, the outcome recognizes the need to transition away from fossil fuels – after many years in which the discussion of this issue was blocked. 

Science tells us that limiting global heating to 1.5 degrees will be impossible without the phase out of all fossil fuels on a timeframe consistent with this limit.  This has been recognized by a growing and diverse coalition of countries.

To those who opposed a clear reference to a phase out of fossil fuels in the COP28 text, I want to say that a fossil fuel phase out is inevitable whether they like it or not.  Let’s hope it doesn’t come too late.

Of course, timelines, pathways and targets will differ for countries at different levels of development. But all efforts must be consistent with achieving global net zero by 2050 and preserving the 1.5 degree goal. And developing countries must be supported every step of the way.

The era of fossil fuels must end – and it must end with justice and equity.

Simultaneously, COP28 agreed to commitments to triple renewables capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030.

There was also progress in relation to adaptation and finance. 

COP28 offered some other building blocks for progress – including the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, even though financial commitments are very limited.

Pledges to the Green Climate Fund now total a record $12.8 billion for the most climate vulnerable communities.

The new framework on adaptation action provides a measurable set of new targets to drive adaptation action and implementation.

And there is clear guidance on the next round of 2025 national climate action plans – or Nationally Determined Contributions — which all governments must now begin preparing.

I am mobilizing the entire UN system to assist in those efforts.

Over the next two years, governments are required to prepare new economy-wide national climate action plans. These plans must be aligned with the 1.5 degree temperature goal and cover all greenhouse gases.

They must also be underpinned with credible climate policies and regulations, including a price on carbon and ending finance for fossil fuel. And both the preparation and implementation of these plans must be fully funded and supported.

But much more is needed to keep the hope of the 1.5 degree limit alive and deliver climate justice to those on the frontlines of the crisis.

Many vulnerable countries are drowning in debt and at risk of drowning in rising seas. 

It is time for a surge in finance, including for adaptation, loss and damage and reform of the international financial architecture.

We need increased capital and reform of the business model of multilateral development banks to massively increase direct support – and to leverage far more private finance at reasonable costs for climate action in developing countries.

I am working with the government of Brazil in its capacity as G20 President to help advance these critical reforms.  This will also be a major focus of next September’s Summit of the Future. 

The world cannot afford delays, indecision, or half measures.

I remain confident that despite many differences, the world can unite and rise to the challenge of the climate crisis. Multilateralism remains humanity’s best hope.

It is essential to come together around real, practical and meaningful climate solutions that match the scale of the climate crisis.